I. Molding process

The molding process for glass bottles and jars refers to a series of combinations of actions (including mechanical, electrically controlled, etc.) that are repeated in a given programmed sequence, with the goal of creating a bottle or jar with a desired specific shape. Currently there are two main processes used in the production of glass bottle and jar containers: the blow-blowing method for narrow bottle mouths and the pressure-blowing method for larger caliber bottles and jars use.

In both processes, the molten glass liquid, at its feed temperature (1,050-1,200°C), is cut by a shear blade to form cylindrical glass droplets called "droplets". The weight of the droplets is sufficient to produce a bottle. Both processes start by shearing the liquid glass and the droplets fall under gravity and pass through a trough and a steering chute into the primary mold, which is then closed and sealed by a "plug" at the top.

In the blowing process, the glass is first pushed down by the compressed air through the muffler, making the glass mold at the mouth mold molding; and then the core is slightly moved down from the core position gap through the compressed air from the bottom to the top of the compressed air extrusion glass from the bottom to the top of the expansion of the initial mold to fill the mold. By blowing the glass in this way, the glass is formed into a hollow prefabricated shape and is blown again by compressed air in a second stage in a subsequent process to obtain the final shape.

The production of glass bottles and jars takes place within two main stages: in the first stage all the details of the mouth mold are formed, completing the mouth of the bottle including the inner opening, but the main shape of the glass article will be much smaller than its final size. These half-formed glass articles are called preforms, and in the next instant they will be blown into the final shape of the bottle or jar.

From the point of view of mechanical action, the mouth mold and the core form a confined space underneath. After the mouth mold is filled with glass (after the puffing is complete), the core is slightly retracted, causing the glass in contact with the core to soften slightly. Then compressed air from below (backward blowing air) passes through the gap under the core, forming the parison. Then the stuffing head rises, the initial mold opens, and the flipping arm, along with the mouth mold and the parison, flips over to the mold-forming side.

When the arm reaches the top of the forming mold, the forming molds on both sides will close and clamp to enclose the parison. The mouth mold opens slightly, releasing the parison; the arm then returns to the priming side and waits for the next round of movement. The blowing head descends to the top of the mold, and compressed air is poured into the parison from the center, squeezing the glass toward the mold to expand and form the final shape of the jar.

In the pressure-blowing process, the parison is no longer formed by compressed air, but by a longer core that squeezes the glass in the confined space of the primary mold cavity. The subsequent turning and final molding is consistent with the blow-blowing method. Afterwards the bottles are clamped out of the molding die and placed on a stop plate with bottom-up cooling air, waiting to be dialed and transported to the annealing process.

II. Bottle making machine

Bottle making machine refers to the equipment that can make glass bottles and jars. Generally speaking, the bottle making machine includes the most basic 19 action operation to form a bottle. Currently most of the bottle making machine and mechanism is driven by compressed air (high pressure 4.2 bar, low pressure 2.2 bar), the equipment is by the timer system of electronic control of all the actions coordinated open.

The most widely used bottle making machine is the Individual Group Bottle Making Machine (IS machine). This machine has 2-20 identical groups, each of which contains a complete set of mechanisms to meet the needs of bottle and can production. All groups of drops are fed into each group by means of a moving spoon, called a drop dispenser. Bottle making machines can make one, two, three or four bottles at the same time (referred to as single, double, triple and quadruple drops). Today even 6-drop machines have been successfully developed and put into production. In the case of multiple drops, the scissors cut the drops simultaneously and drop them into the primary mold at the same time.

Annealing

When glass is cooled, it shrinks and solidifies. Uneven cooling and rapid cooling result in stresses in the glass, which can make it fragile or explode. The function of the annealing furnace is to heat the glass bottles and jars to about 580 ℃, and then slowly cooled to make the glass molding stress relief, to ensure the safety of glass containers. This annealing process depends on the thickness of the glass and generally takes between 20 - 60 minutes.